What does the suffix "-itis" typically indicate?

The suffix "-itis" is commonly used in medical terminology to denote inflammation in a specific part of the body, which is often due to an infection. For instance, in terms like "appendicitis" or "arthritis," it identifies that there is an inflammatory condition affecting the appendix or the joints, respectively. This inflammation can result from a variety of factors, including infection, autoimmune responses, or other inflammatory processes. Recognizing "-itis" as a marker for inflammation is crucial for understanding a wide range of medical conditions and their underlying causes.

The other options reflect different medical terminology meanings: the suffix for condition is generally "-osis," softening is denoted by "-malacia," and hardening is indicated by "-sclerosis." Each of these suffixes conveys a different aspect of health conditions, but specifically, "-itis" is dedicated to indicating inflammation.